-has no children

-married twice but able to generate none

-results in pending succession crisis

-gives inheritance succession to this guy

-this guy

-gets support from France for his claim over Denmark

-kicks off French Wars > Third French War (1847-54) by coming to power

-aristocracy of Schleswig-Holstein refuses him to become their ruler as this is violation of Salic law

-establishes a provisional government

-calls for aid from Germans

-and declares Duke of Oldenburg their rightful sovereign

-when France signs alliance with Danish to protect territorial integrity Habsburgs support its claim

-loses Schleswig-Holstein to Empire of the German Nation, spec Oldenburg

-but does keep control over most of Denmark

-having been brought in control with French assistance, he now opposes it and becomes closer to Austrian government

-being of decisively absolutist leanings

-administration continues Danish absolutism

-secures admission of Denmark into the Handelsverein

-inspires economic integration of Denmark into Germany

-but also erodes status of Danish language and Copenhagen sees German as top of social strata

-causes a massive backlash

-with French Wars > Fourth French War (1880-4) supports German unification

-despite controversy from various elements of Danish society

-French Wars > Fifth French War (1892-5) sees a massive wave of opposition from Denmark

-an abortive rebellion that ends up fizzling out

-postwar grants Danish a very conservative constitution

-vote only for elites who benefit the most from union

-beginning of policies to promote German language and culture in Denmark in this era which inspire backlash

-rise of German colonialism sees Danes having leading role

-due to long history of them being seafaring people

-with French Wars > Sixth French War (1937-41) Denmark uses opportunity for national revolt

-Danish national revolt is brutal croppie warfare

-but succeeds and treaty preserves its independence

-writing of constitution

-establishes weak executive under French-style system

1942 def.

1946 def.

-faced with economic issues due to division of Denmark from German economic ties

-heals this by building strong ties with French Republic

-deemed well-serving in this role

-and resigns before being forced from it